Neil Armstrong
(Reuters)
- U.S. astronaut Neil Armstrong, who took a giant leap for mankind when
he became the first person to walk on the moon, has died at the age of
82, his family said on Saturday.
Armstrong died following
complications from heart-bypass surgery he underwent earlier this month,
the family said in a statement, just two days after his birthday on
August 5.
As commander of the
Apollo 11 mission, Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the
moon on July 20, 1969. As he stepped on the dusty surface, Armstrong
said: "That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind."
Those words endure as one of the best known quotes in the English language.
The
Apollo 11 astronauts' euphoric moonwalk provided Americans with a sense
of achievement in the space race with Cold War foe the Soviet Union and
while Washington was engaged in a bloody war with the communists in
Vietnam.
Neil Alden Armstrong was
38 years old at the time and even though he had fulfilled one of
mankind's age-old quests that placed him at the pinnacle of human
achievement, he did not revel in his accomplishment.
He even seemed
frustrated by the acclaim it brought.
"I
guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but
for the ledger of our daily work,"
Armstrong said in an interview on
CBS's "60 Minutes" program in 2005.
He
once was asked how he felt knowing his footprints would likely stay on
the moon's surface for thousands of years. "I kind of hope that somebody
goes up there one of these days and cleans them up," he said.
A VERY PRIVATE MAN
James
Hansen, author of "First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong," told CBS:
"All of the attention that ... the public put on stepping down that
ladder onto the surface itself, Neil never could really understand why
there was so much focus on that."
The
Apollo 11 moon mission turned out to be Armstrong's last space flight.
The next year he was appointed to a desk job, being named NASA's deputy
associate administrator for aeronautics in the office of advanced
research and technology.
Armstrong's
post-NASA life was a very private one. He took no major role in
ceremonies marking the 25th anniversary of the moon landing. "He's a
recluse's recluse," said Dave Garrett, a former NASA spokesman.
Hansen
said stories of Armstrong dreaming of space exploration as a boy were
apocryphal, although he was long dedicated to flight. "His life was
about flying. His life was about piloting," Hansen said.
Born
August 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio, Armstrong was the first of three
children of Stephen and Viola Armstrong. He married his college
sweetheart, Janet Shearon, in 1956. They were divorced in 1994, when he
married Carol Knight.
Armstrong
had his first joyride in a plane at age 6. Growing up in Ohio, he began
making model planes and by his early teens had amassed an extensive
aviation library. With money earned from odd jobs, he took flying
lessons and obtained his pilot's license even before he got a car
license.
In high school he
excelled in science and mathematics and won a U.S. Navy scholarship to
Purdue University in Indiana, enrolling in 1947. He left after two years
to become a Navy pilot, flying combat missions in the Korean War and
winning three medals.
FLYING TEST PLANES
After
the war he returned to Purdue and graduated in 1955 with an
aeronautical engineering degree. He joined the National Advisory
Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), which became NASA in 1958.
Armstrong
spent seven years at NACA's high-speed flight station at Edwards Air
Force Base in California, becoming one of the world's best test pilots.
He flew the X-15 rocket plane to the edge of space - 200,000 feet up at
4,000 mph.
In September 1962,
Armstrong was selected by NASA to be an astronaut. He was command pilot
for the Gemini 8 mission and backup command pilot for the Gemini 11
mission, both in 1966.
On the
Gemini 8 mission, Armstrong and fellow astronaut David Scott performed
the first successful docking of a manned spacecraft with another space
vehicle.
Armstrong put his piloting
skills to good use on the moon landing, overriding the automatic pilot
so he and fellow astronaut Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin would not have to land
their module in a big rocky crater.
Yet
the landing was not without danger. The lander had only about 30
seconds of fuel left when Armstrong put it down in an area known as the
Sea of Tranquility and calmly radioed back to Mission Control on Earth,
"Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed."
Aldrin,
who along with Armstrong and Michael Collins formed the Apollo 11 crew,
told BBC radio that he would remember Armstrong as "a very capable
commander and leader of an achievement that will be recognized until man
sets foot on the planet Mars."
Armstrong
left the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) a year
after Apollo 11 to become a professor of engineering at the University
of Cincinnati.
DECLINES OFFERS TO RUN FOR OFFICE
After
his aeronautical career, Armstrong was approached by political groups,
but unlike former astronauts John Glenn and Harrison Schmitt who became
U.S. senators, he declined all offers.
In
1986, he served on a presidential commission that investigated the
explosion that destroyed the space shuttle Challenger, killing its crew
of seven shortly after launch from Cape Canaveral in January of that
year.
Armstrong made a rare public
appearance several years ago when he testified to a congressional
hearing against President Barack Obama administration's plans to buy
rides from other countries and corporations to ferry U.S. astronauts to
and from the International Space Station.
Armstrong
also said that returning humans to the moon was not only desirable, but
necessary for future exploration -- even though NASA says it is no
longer a priority.
He lived in the Cincinnati area with his wife, Carol.
"We
are heartbroken to share the news that Neil Armstrong has passed away,"
the family said in their statement. "Neil was our loving husband,
father, grandfather, brother and friend."
His
family expressed hope that young people around the world would be
inspired by Armstrong's feat to push boundaries and serve a cause
greater than themselves.
"The next
time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at
you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink," the family said.
Obama said that Armstrong "was among the greatest of American heroes - not just of his time, but of all time. ...
"Today,
Neil's spirit of discovery lives on in all the men and women who have
devoted their lives to exploring the unknown - including those who are
ensuring that we reach higher and go further in space. That legacy will
endure - sparked by a man who taught us the enormous power of one small
step."
Glenn, an original NASA
astronaut with Armstrong, spoke of his colleague's humble nature. "He
was willing to dare greatly for his country and he was proud to do that
and yet remained the same humble person he'd always been," he told CNN
on Saturday.
The space agency sent
out a brief statement in the wake of the news, saying it "offers its
condolences on today's passing of Neil Armstrong, former test pilot,
astronaut and the first man on the moon."
Armstrong is survived by his two sons, a stepson and stepdaughter, 10 grandchildren, a brother and a sister, NASA said.
Some
controversy still surrounds his famous quote. The live broadcast did
not have the "a" in "one small step for a man ..." He and NASA insisted
static had obscured the "a," but after repeated playbacks, he admitted
he may have dropped the letter and expressed a preference that
quotations include the "a" in parentheses.
Asked to describe what it was like to stand on the moon, he told CBS:
"It's an interesting place to be. I recommend it."
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